a Shows the cell cycle arrest caused by CPT Biology Diagrams Spindle checkpoint proteins Mad1 and Mad2 are required for cytostatic factor-mediated metaphase arrest. J Cell Biol 163: 1231-1242. Article CAS Google Scholar Tunquist BJ, Maller JL . (2003
To await fertilization, oocytes have to maintain a cell cycle arrestalso named cytostatic factor or CSF arrest (Schmidt et al, 2006)-for an extended time in metaphase II. Sgo2 localized by Mps1 However, if CSF components are introduced into cells of the embryo, the cell cycle arrests in metaphase of the next mitosis (Masui and Markert, 1971; for review see Tunquist and Maller, 2003). To determine whether Mad1 and Mad2 possess CSF activity, we injected recombinant forms of each protein into blastomeres of two-cell stage Xenopus embryos
Under arrest: cytostatic factor (CSF) Biology Diagrams
Almost 30 years ago, cytostatic factor (CSF) was identified as the activity responsible for the MII arrest, yet today its molecular make-up remains mysterious. Ten years ago, both Mos, a MAP kinase kinase kinase, and MAP kinase were shown to be capable of blocking a one-cell embryo in metaphase, and subsequent work has shown that they are
In most vertebrates, oocytes await fertilization while arrested at metaphase of meiosis II. This resting state can be stable for many hours and depends on a cytoplasmic activity termed cytostatic factor (CSF). Recently, members of the novel Emi/Erp family of proteins have been put forward as important components of CSF. Oocytes from higher chordates, including man and nearly all mammals, arrest at metaphase of the second meiotic division before fertilization. This arrest is due to an activity that has been termed 'Cytostatic Factor'. Cytostatic Factor maintains arrest through preventing loss in Maturation-Promoting Factor (MPF; CDK1/cyclin B). Physiologically, Cytostatic Factor - induced metaphase arrest is It is shown that the zinc fluxes work, in part, by altering the activity of the cytostatic factor (CSF), the cellular activity required for the establishment and maintenance of metaphase II arrest in the mature, unfertilized egg, which supports the conclusion that zinc itself, through its interaction with EMI2, is a central component of the CSF.
Spindle checkpoint proteins Mad1 and Mad2 are required for cytostatic ... Biology Diagrams
Under arrest: cytostatic factor (CSF)-mediated metaphase arrest in vertebrate eggs. showed that the arrest of cell cycle progression in egg extracts by the DNA replication checkpoint could be restored if a "critical nuclear density" was added to the extracts. Subsequent work by Minshull and colleagues (1994), as described above
